| Persons with obesity are at risk of developing one or more serious medical conditions, which can cause poor health and premature death. Obesity is associated with more than 30 medical conditions, and scientific evidence has established a strong relationship with at least 15 of those conditions. Preliminary data also show the impact of obesity on various other conditions. Weight loss of about 10% of body weight, for persons with overweight or obesity, can improve some obesity-related medical conditions including diabetes and hypertension. Obesity-Related Medical Conditions The prevalence of various medical conditions increases with overweight and obesity for men and women as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)
Daytime Sleepiness
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Diabetes (Type 2)
Gallbladder Disease
Gout
Heat Disorders
Impaired Respiratory Function
Infections Following Wounds
Infertility
Liver Disease
Obstetric and Gynecologic Complications
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Monday, March 15, 2010
HEALTH EFFECT OF OBESTY
Saturday, March 13, 2010
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
- to give exposure about causes of obesity
- to explain the effect of obesity
- to expose the ways to solve obesity problem
Thursday, March 11, 2010
Obesity Statistics
Latest Obesity Statistics
USA Obesity Rates Reach Epidemic Proportions
58 Million Overweight; 40 Million Obese; 3 Million morbidly Obese
Eight out of 10 over 25's Overweight
78% of American's not meeting basic activity level recommendations
25% completely Sedentary
76% increase in Type II diabetes in adults 30-40 yrs old since 1990
Obesity Related Diseases
80% of type II diabetes related to obesity
70% of Cardiovascular disease related to obesity
42% breast and colon cancer diagnosed among obese individuals
30% of gall bladder surgery related to obesity
26% of obese people having high blood pressure
Childhood Obesity Running Out of Control
4% overweight 1982 16% overweight 1994
25% of all white children overweight 2001
33% African American and Hispanic children overweight 2001
Hospital costs associated with childhood obesity rising from $35 Million (1979) to $127 Million (1999)
Childhood Metabolic and Heart Risks
New study suggests one in four overweight children is already showing early signs of type II diabetes (impaired glucose intolerance)
60% already have one risk factor for heart disease
Surge in Childhood Diabetes
Between 8% - 45% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood diabetes are type II, associated with obesity.
Whereas 4% of Childhood diabetes was type II in 1990, that number has risen to approximately 20%
Depending on the age group (Type II most frequent 10-19 group) and the racial/ethnic mix of group stated
Of Children diagnosed with Type II diabetes, 85% are obese
USA Obesity Rates Reach Epidemic Proportions
58 Million Overweight; 40 Million Obese; 3 Million morbidly Obese
Eight out of 10 over 25's Overweight
78% of American's not meeting basic activity level recommendations
25% completely Sedentary
76% increase in Type II diabetes in adults 30-40 yrs old since 1990
Obesity Related Diseases
80% of type II diabetes related to obesity
70% of Cardiovascular disease related to obesity
42% breast and colon cancer diagnosed among obese individuals
30% of gall bladder surgery related to obesity
26% of obese people having high blood pressure
Childhood Obesity Running Out of Control
4% overweight 1982 16% overweight 1994
25% of all white children overweight 2001
33% African American and Hispanic children overweight 2001
Hospital costs associated with childhood obesity rising from $35 Million (1979) to $127 Million (1999)
Childhood Metabolic and Heart Risks
New study suggests one in four overweight children is already showing early signs of type II diabetes (impaired glucose intolerance)
60% already have one risk factor for heart disease
Surge in Childhood Diabetes
Between 8% - 45% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood diabetes are type II, associated with obesity.
Whereas 4% of Childhood diabetes was type II in 1990, that number has risen to approximately 20%
Depending on the age group (Type II most frequent 10-19 group) and the racial/ethnic mix of group stated
Of Children diagnosed with Type II diabetes, 85% are obese
The Real Cause of Obesity
obesity is not a personal choice. The obese are so primarily as a result of their genes.
Genetic studies have shown that the particular set of weight-regulating genes that a person has is by far the most important factor in determining how much that person will weigh. The heritability of obesity—a measure of how much obesity is due to genes versus other factors—is about the same as the heritability of height. It's even greater than that for many conditions that people accept as having a genetic basis, including heart disease, breast cancer, and schizophrenia. As nutrition has improved over the past 200 years, Americans have gotten much taller on average, but it is still the genes that determine who is tall or short today. The same is true for weight. Although our high-calorie, sedentary lifestyle contributes to the approximately 10-pound average weight gain of Americans compared to the recent past, some people are more severely affected by this lifestyle than others. That's because they have inherited genes that increase their predisposition for accumulating body fat. Our modern lifestyle is thus a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the high prevalence of obesity in our population.
Over the past decade, scientists have identified many of the genes that regulate body weight and have proved that in some instances, different variants of these genes can lead a person to be fat or thin. These genes underlie a weight-regulating system that is remarkably precise. The average person takes in a million or more calories per year, maintaining within a narrow range over the course of decades. This implies that the body balances calorie consumption with calorie expenditure, and does with a precision greater than 99.5 percent. Even the most vigilant calorie counter couldn't compete, if for no other reason than that the calorie counts on food labels are often off by 10 percent or more.
The genes that control food intake and metabolism act to keep weight in a stable range by creating a biological force that resists weight change in either direction. When weight is gained, hunger is reduced. When weight is lost, the unconscious drive to eat is stimulated and acts to return weight to the starting point. Moreover, the greater the amount of weight that is lost, the greater the sense of hunger that develops. Thus, when the obese lose large amounts of weight by conscious effort, their bodies fight back even more strongly by increasing hunger and reducing energy expenditure. If you think it is hard to lose 10 to 20 pounds (and it is), try to imagine what it would feel like to lose many tens or even hundreds of pounds.
Anyone who doubts the power of this biologic system should study the case of a young boy in England a few years back. He had a mutation in a critical gene, the one that produces the hormone leptin. Leptin is made by fat tissue and sends a signal informing the brain that there are adequate stores of energy. When leptin drops, appetite increases. Because of a genetic error, this boy could not make this hormone, which left him ravenously hungry all of the time. At age 4 he ate 1,125 calories at a single meal—about half of what a normal adult eats in an entire day. As a result he already weighed 90 pounds and was well on his way to developing diabetes. At the time, his similarly affected cousin was 8 and weighed 200 pounds. After a few leptin injections, the boy's calorie intake dropped to 180 calories per meal, and by the time he was 6 his weight had dropped into the normal range. Nothing changed except the hormone levels: his parents weren't more or less permissive, his snacks did not switch from processed to organic, his willpower was not bolstered. Rather this boy was a victim of a malfunctioning weight-regulating system that led to an uncontrollable drive to eat. This examples illustrates that feeding behavior is a basic drive, similar to thirst and other life-sustaining drives. The key role of leptin and other molecules to control feeding behavior undercuts the common misconception that food intake is largely under voluntary control.
While mutations in the leptin gene like the cases described above are rare, nearly 10 percent of morbidly obese individuals carry defects in genes that regulate food intake, metabolism, and body weight. The evidence further indicates that the rest of the obese population carries genetic alterations in other, as yet unidentified, single genes or combinations of genes (polygenes) interacting with environmental factors.
So if you are thin, it might be more appropriate for you to thank your own "lean" genes and refrain from stigmatizing the obese. A broad acceptance of the biologic basis of obesity would not only be fair and right, but would also allow us to collectively focus on what is most important—one's health rather than one's weight. There is no evidence that obese individuals need to "normalize" their weight to reap health benefits. In fact, it is not even clear whether there are enduring health benefits to weight loss among obese individuals who do not suffer from diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, or liver disease. What is known is that the obese who do suffer from these conditions receive a disproportionately large benefit from even modest weight loss, which together with exercise and a heart-healthy diet can go a long way toward improving health.
While research into the biologic system that controls weight is moving toward the development of effective therapies for obesity, we are not there yet. In the meantime we must change our attitudes toward the obese and focus less on appearance and more on health. In their efforts to lose weight they are fighting against their biology. But they also are fighting against a society that wrongly believes that obesity is a personal failing.
Jeffrey M. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D. is the Marilyn M. Simpson professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at The Rockefeller University, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
© 2009
By Jeffrey Friedman | Newsweek Web Exclusive
Sep 10, 2009
Genetic studies have shown that the particular set of weight-regulating genes that a person has is by far the most important factor in determining how much that person will weigh. The heritability of obesity—a measure of how much obesity is due to genes versus other factors—is about the same as the heritability of height. It's even greater than that for many conditions that people accept as having a genetic basis, including heart disease, breast cancer, and schizophrenia. As nutrition has improved over the past 200 years, Americans have gotten much taller on average, but it is still the genes that determine who is tall or short today. The same is true for weight. Although our high-calorie, sedentary lifestyle contributes to the approximately 10-pound average weight gain of Americans compared to the recent past, some people are more severely affected by this lifestyle than others. That's because they have inherited genes that increase their predisposition for accumulating body fat. Our modern lifestyle is thus a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the high prevalence of obesity in our population.
Over the past decade, scientists have identified many of the genes that regulate body weight and have proved that in some instances, different variants of these genes can lead a person to be fat or thin. These genes underlie a weight-regulating system that is remarkably precise. The average person takes in a million or more calories per year, maintaining within a narrow range over the course of decades. This implies that the body balances calorie consumption with calorie expenditure, and does with a precision greater than 99.5 percent. Even the most vigilant calorie counter couldn't compete, if for no other reason than that the calorie counts on food labels are often off by 10 percent or more.
The genes that control food intake and metabolism act to keep weight in a stable range by creating a biological force that resists weight change in either direction. When weight is gained, hunger is reduced. When weight is lost, the unconscious drive to eat is stimulated and acts to return weight to the starting point. Moreover, the greater the amount of weight that is lost, the greater the sense of hunger that develops. Thus, when the obese lose large amounts of weight by conscious effort, their bodies fight back even more strongly by increasing hunger and reducing energy expenditure. If you think it is hard to lose 10 to 20 pounds (and it is), try to imagine what it would feel like to lose many tens or even hundreds of pounds.
Anyone who doubts the power of this biologic system should study the case of a young boy in England a few years back. He had a mutation in a critical gene, the one that produces the hormone leptin. Leptin is made by fat tissue and sends a signal informing the brain that there are adequate stores of energy. When leptin drops, appetite increases. Because of a genetic error, this boy could not make this hormone, which left him ravenously hungry all of the time. At age 4 he ate 1,125 calories at a single meal—about half of what a normal adult eats in an entire day. As a result he already weighed 90 pounds and was well on his way to developing diabetes. At the time, his similarly affected cousin was 8 and weighed 200 pounds. After a few leptin injections, the boy's calorie intake dropped to 180 calories per meal, and by the time he was 6 his weight had dropped into the normal range. Nothing changed except the hormone levels: his parents weren't more or less permissive, his snacks did not switch from processed to organic, his willpower was not bolstered. Rather this boy was a victim of a malfunctioning weight-regulating system that led to an uncontrollable drive to eat. This examples illustrates that feeding behavior is a basic drive, similar to thirst and other life-sustaining drives. The key role of leptin and other molecules to control feeding behavior undercuts the common misconception that food intake is largely under voluntary control.
While mutations in the leptin gene like the cases described above are rare, nearly 10 percent of morbidly obese individuals carry defects in genes that regulate food intake, metabolism, and body weight. The evidence further indicates that the rest of the obese population carries genetic alterations in other, as yet unidentified, single genes or combinations of genes (polygenes) interacting with environmental factors.
So if you are thin, it might be more appropriate for you to thank your own "lean" genes and refrain from stigmatizing the obese. A broad acceptance of the biologic basis of obesity would not only be fair and right, but would also allow us to collectively focus on what is most important—one's health rather than one's weight. There is no evidence that obese individuals need to "normalize" their weight to reap health benefits. In fact, it is not even clear whether there are enduring health benefits to weight loss among obese individuals who do not suffer from diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, or liver disease. What is known is that the obese who do suffer from these conditions receive a disproportionately large benefit from even modest weight loss, which together with exercise and a heart-healthy diet can go a long way toward improving health.
While research into the biologic system that controls weight is moving toward the development of effective therapies for obesity, we are not there yet. In the meantime we must change our attitudes toward the obese and focus less on appearance and more on health. In their efforts to lose weight they are fighting against their biology. But they also are fighting against a society that wrongly believes that obesity is a personal failing.
Jeffrey M. Friedman, M.D., Ph.D. is the Marilyn M. Simpson professor and head of the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics at The Rockefeller University, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
© 2009
By Jeffrey Friedman | Newsweek Web Exclusive
Sep 10, 2009
Wednesday, March 10, 2010
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
* What are the causes of obesity?
* What are the effect of obesity?
* What are the ways to solve obesity problem?
* What are the effect of obesity?
* What are the ways to solve obesity problem?
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Obesity Statistics
Latest Obesity Statistics
USA Obesity Rates Reach Epidemic Proportions
58 Million Overweight; 40 Million Obese; 3 Million morbidly Obese
Eight out of 10 over 25's Overweight
78% of American's not meeting basic activity level recommendations
25% completely Sedentary
76% increase in Type II diabetes in adults 30-40 yrs old since 1990
Obesity Related Diseases
80% of type II diabetes related to obesity
70% of Cardiovascular disease related to obesity
42% breast and colon cancer diagnosed among obese individuals
30% of gall bladder surgery related to obesity
26% of obese people having high blood pressure
Childhood Obesity Running Out of Control
4% overweight 1982 16% overweight 1994
25% of all white children overweight 2001
33% African American and Hispanic children overweight 2001
Hospital costs associated with childhood obesity rising from $35 Million (1979) to $127 Million (1999)
Childhood Metabolic and Heart Risks
New study suggests one in four overweight children is already showing early signs of type II diabetes (impaired glucose intolerance)
60% already have one risk factor for heart disease
Surge in Childhood Diabetes
Between 8% - 45% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood diabetes are type II, associated with obesity.
Whereas 4% of Childhood diabetes was type II in 1990, that number has risen to approximately 20%
Depending on the age group (Type II most frequent 10-19 group) and the racial/ethnic mix of group stated
Of Children diagnosed with Type II diabetes, 85% are obese
SOURCE: Wellness International Network Ltd - web.winltd.com
Weight Loss AdviceNo matter how much excess weight or fat you have, if you want to lose weight permanently, your diet program should be directed toward a slow, steady weight loss. According to official government dietary guidelines, unless your doctor feels your particular health condition would benefit from more rapid weight loss, you should expect to lose no more than 2 pounds of fat a week, although initial loss (mainly water) may be greater. Losing more weight is no guarantee that weight loss is likely to be permanent.
USA Obesity Rates Reach Epidemic Proportions
58 Million Overweight; 40 Million Obese; 3 Million morbidly Obese
Eight out of 10 over 25's Overweight
78% of American's not meeting basic activity level recommendations
25% completely Sedentary
76% increase in Type II diabetes in adults 30-40 yrs old since 1990
Obesity Related Diseases
80% of type II diabetes related to obesity
70% of Cardiovascular disease related to obesity
42% breast and colon cancer diagnosed among obese individuals
30% of gall bladder surgery related to obesity
26% of obese people having high blood pressure
Childhood Obesity Running Out of Control
4% overweight 1982 16% overweight 1994
25% of all white children overweight 2001
33% African American and Hispanic children overweight 2001
Hospital costs associated with childhood obesity rising from $35 Million (1979) to $127 Million (1999)
Childhood Metabolic and Heart Risks
New study suggests one in four overweight children is already showing early signs of type II diabetes (impaired glucose intolerance)
60% already have one risk factor for heart disease
Surge in Childhood Diabetes
Between 8% - 45% of newly diagnosed cases of childhood diabetes are type II, associated with obesity.
Whereas 4% of Childhood diabetes was type II in 1990, that number has risen to approximately 20%
Depending on the age group (Type II most frequent 10-19 group) and the racial/ethnic mix of group stated
Of Children diagnosed with Type II diabetes, 85% are obese
SOURCE: Wellness International Network Ltd - web.winltd.com
Weight Loss AdviceNo matter how much excess weight or fat you have, if you want to lose weight permanently, your diet program should be directed toward a slow, steady weight loss. According to official government dietary guidelines, unless your doctor feels your particular health condition would benefit from more rapid weight loss, you should expect to lose no more than 2 pounds of fat a week, although initial loss (mainly water) may be greater. Losing more weight is no guarantee that weight loss is likely to be permanent.
Monday, March 8, 2010
What Are The Major Causes Of Child Obesity?
Sedentary lifestyle and poor eating habits are the most prominent factor causing child obesity. Low physical activity makes child more capable of storing fat. Due to lack of physical activity they burn fewer calories than what they consume. So to accelerate calorie burn, they need to take active part in outdoor games and sports. Diet is another factor that must be taken into consideration. Low fat, low sugar diets have proved to be safer and healthier food for growing children.
Overweight is a serious problem of appetite regulation and energy metabolisms affected by a combination of genetic, social, cultural, economic, psychological and environmental factors. Obesity which is defined as a chronic, degenerative disease that debilitates individuals is on the rise among children. Being overweight is directly related to diabetes, high BP, heart disease, cancers, gall bladder disease, gout and osteoarthritis. Fatty lesions can develop into atherosclerosis in children as young as three years old! Children eat more but there has been a decrease in active lifestyle. Lack of physical activity is the main factor in causing obesity. One-fourth of the children already have the cholesterol levels of 170 or more. Children spend more time in passive TV watching, computer, videogames. Making your child free from obesity requires two measures
1. Low fat, low sugar diet2. Encouraging an active lifestyle.
More fruits and vegetables should be included in child's diet. Consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the incidence of heart disease by 31%, heart strokes and stomach cancer by 19% and lung cancer by 20%. Vegetable salads and fruit juices are healthy choices and contain vital vitamins and nutrients.
Disclaimer: This article is not meant to provide health advice and is for general information only. Always seek the insights of a qualified health professional before embarking on any health program.
Copyright © Nick Mutt, All Rights Reserved. If you want to use this article on your website or in your ezine, make all the urls (links) active.
Overweight is a serious problem of appetite regulation and energy metabolisms affected by a combination of genetic, social, cultural, economic, psychological and environmental factors. Obesity which is defined as a chronic, degenerative disease that debilitates individuals is on the rise among children. Being overweight is directly related to diabetes, high BP, heart disease, cancers, gall bladder disease, gout and osteoarthritis. Fatty lesions can develop into atherosclerosis in children as young as three years old! Children eat more but there has been a decrease in active lifestyle. Lack of physical activity is the main factor in causing obesity. One-fourth of the children already have the cholesterol levels of 170 or more. Children spend more time in passive TV watching, computer, videogames. Making your child free from obesity requires two measures
1. Low fat, low sugar diet2. Encouraging an active lifestyle.
More fruits and vegetables should be included in child's diet. Consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce the incidence of heart disease by 31%, heart strokes and stomach cancer by 19% and lung cancer by 20%. Vegetable salads and fruit juices are healthy choices and contain vital vitamins and nutrients.
Disclaimer: This article is not meant to provide health advice and is for general information only. Always seek the insights of a qualified health professional before embarking on any health program.
Copyright © Nick Mutt, All Rights Reserved. If you want to use this article on your website or in your ezine, make all the urls (links) active.
Cultural factors implicated in obesity, says study
By staff reporter, 28-Apr-2006
Related topics: Science & Nutrition
Health professionals need to use more than tape measures and scales to define and tackle obesity, according to a paper in the British-based Journal of Advanced Nursing.
A research review carried out by Maryanne Davidson from Yale University has discovered that many women don't make the link between high weight and poor health and that culture plays a big role in how positively they see themselves.
The report echoes a recently launched UK government health initiative, which recommended that obesity should be tackled through a combination of means. The food industry has long argued that it is unrealistic to believe that the food industry alone holds the key to pressing issues such as obesity.
Davidson reviewed key papers published over a 10-year period to see how health professionals and Black and White American women define obesity and to identify differences in attitudes. This revealed that while health professionals used quantitative methods, such as Body Mass Index measurements based on the height to weight ratio, women are more likely to base their ideal weight on cultural criteria.
"My review revealed that Black American participants defined obesity in positive terms, relating it to attractiveness, sexual desirability, body image, strength or goodness, self esteem and social acceptability," said Davidson.
"In addition they didn't view obesity as cause for concern when it came to their health."
White Americans, on the other hand, expressed completely the opposite view according to Davidson.
"They defined obesity in negative terms, describing it as unattractive, not socially desirable, associated with negative body image and decreased self-esteem and being socially unacceptable.
"But when it came to the links between body weight and health, this group was much more likely to voice mixed views, with some expressing concern and others feeling that weight wasn't a health issue."
Davidson also discovered variations in how health professionals define obesity.
"Although most of them use the Body Mass Index to actually measure obesity, we found different views about what level of BMI constitutes normal weight and what level indicates obesity," she said.
"I'm glad to say that that situation is changing and there is a move towards standardised measurement of what is obese and what is overweight. For example the International Obesity Task Force is helping to address the need for a global objective measurement based on BMI."
The concept of obesity in the United States appears to date back to the insurance industry, which published tables in 1912 defining average and acceptable weights for American adults. These were updated in 1959 with average weight being replaced by ideal weight and obesity being defined as 20 per cent above this figure.
That change put 40 per cent of American women in the seriously overweight category.
"Obesity is a major issue for health professionals as it is emerging as a worldwide healthcare epidemic," said Davidson. "The World Health Organisation estimates that there are at least 300 million obese people worldwide and a further one billion who are overweight.
"It's also clearly a cultural issue, as rates range from below five per cent in China, Japan and some African nations to more than 75 per cent in urban Samoa."
Recent data also suggests that 54 per cent of adult Americans are overweight and that women of all cultures are particularly affected. Key health issues related to obesity include diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol and asthma.
"That's why it's imperative that researchers and healthcare providers understand how people from different cultures view obesity," said Davidson.
Related topics: Science & Nutrition
Health professionals need to use more than tape measures and scales to define and tackle obesity, according to a paper in the British-based Journal of Advanced Nursing.
A research review carried out by Maryanne Davidson from Yale University has discovered that many women don't make the link between high weight and poor health and that culture plays a big role in how positively they see themselves.
The report echoes a recently launched UK government health initiative, which recommended that obesity should be tackled through a combination of means. The food industry has long argued that it is unrealistic to believe that the food industry alone holds the key to pressing issues such as obesity.
Davidson reviewed key papers published over a 10-year period to see how health professionals and Black and White American women define obesity and to identify differences in attitudes. This revealed that while health professionals used quantitative methods, such as Body Mass Index measurements based on the height to weight ratio, women are more likely to base their ideal weight on cultural criteria.
"My review revealed that Black American participants defined obesity in positive terms, relating it to attractiveness, sexual desirability, body image, strength or goodness, self esteem and social acceptability," said Davidson.
"In addition they didn't view obesity as cause for concern when it came to their health."
White Americans, on the other hand, expressed completely the opposite view according to Davidson.
"They defined obesity in negative terms, describing it as unattractive, not socially desirable, associated with negative body image and decreased self-esteem and being socially unacceptable.
"But when it came to the links between body weight and health, this group was much more likely to voice mixed views, with some expressing concern and others feeling that weight wasn't a health issue."
Davidson also discovered variations in how health professionals define obesity.
"Although most of them use the Body Mass Index to actually measure obesity, we found different views about what level of BMI constitutes normal weight and what level indicates obesity," she said.
"I'm glad to say that that situation is changing and there is a move towards standardised measurement of what is obese and what is overweight. For example the International Obesity Task Force is helping to address the need for a global objective measurement based on BMI."
The concept of obesity in the United States appears to date back to the insurance industry, which published tables in 1912 defining average and acceptable weights for American adults. These were updated in 1959 with average weight being replaced by ideal weight and obesity being defined as 20 per cent above this figure.
That change put 40 per cent of American women in the seriously overweight category.
"Obesity is a major issue for health professionals as it is emerging as a worldwide healthcare epidemic," said Davidson. "The World Health Organisation estimates that there are at least 300 million obese people worldwide and a further one billion who are overweight.
"It's also clearly a cultural issue, as rates range from below five per cent in China, Japan and some African nations to more than 75 per cent in urban Samoa."
Recent data also suggests that 54 per cent of adult Americans are overweight and that women of all cultures are particularly affected. Key health issues related to obesity include diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol and asthma.
"That's why it's imperative that researchers and healthcare providers understand how people from different cultures view obesity," said Davidson.
Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders
Associations with mood and anxiety disorders
Epidemiological studies support positive associations between BMI and mood disorders.3-5 A recent study using NESARC data found increased odds of mood disorder symptoms—including major depression, dysthymia, and manic and hypomanic episodes—among obese and extremely obese persons compared with their normal-weight counterparts.5 Obese individuals were 1.5 times more likely than normal-weight individuals to report lifetime or past-year mood disorder; extremely obese persons were twice as likely. Anxiety disorder rates were elevated not only in the obese and extremely obese but also in those who were only moderately overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.19 - 2.60). Lifetime and past-year prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder without agoraphobia, and specific phobia were elevated among individuals classified as overweight and obese.5 A greater likelihood of depression and anxiety disorders with increasing BMI has also been observed in epidemiological studies carried out in other countries, including Germany, New Zealand, France, and the Netherlands.4,6
Relationships between elevated body weight and affective disorders appear stronger in women than in men. Obesity was associated with mood and anxiety disorders in both men and women in 1 study, but overweight predicted increased odds of mood and anxiety disorder in women only.3 Other studies have found obesity to be related to depression in women but not in men.7 There is even some evidence that overweight and obesity may be associated with a lower likelihood of attempting or committing suicide among men, although increased BMI is associated with a greater likelihood of suicidal ideation among women.7,8
Because studies to date are cross-sectional, causal pathways between obesity and mood and anxiety disorders have not been identified. It is likely that pathways are bidirectional. Weight-based discrimination is widespread, and being a target of discrimination can lead to anxiety and depression.9,10 Weight dissatisfaction is more prevalent among women than men, and women are more likely than men to face weight-based discrimination.11,12 Concerns that they will be scrutinized or judged based on weight may contribute to social anxiety in overweight and obese women. In fact, overweight and obese women are at increased risk for social phobia, but BMI is not associated with the likelihood of social phobia among men.3
Mood and anxiety disorders can lead to weight gain by interfering with healthy eating or regular exercise.13 Eating may have an anxiolytic effect, although overeating in response to stress varies between individuals.14,15 Women are more likely than men to eat in response to negative emotions, and women with mood disorders are more likely than men to report increased appetite as a symptom of depression.3,16
Associations between obesity and mood and anxiety disorders may arise from effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which responds to stress by releasing cortisol and other hormones that modulate sympathetic nervous system activity. Under conditions of chronic stress, HPA axis activity becomes dysregulated, a state that has been implicated in depression and anxiety disorders as well as in obesity.17 Future prospective studies can further clarify the direction of relationships between obesity and affective disorders.
Epidemiological studies support positive associations between BMI and mood disorders.3-5 A recent study using NESARC data found increased odds of mood disorder symptoms—including major depression, dysthymia, and manic and hypomanic episodes—among obese and extremely obese persons compared with their normal-weight counterparts.5 Obese individuals were 1.5 times more likely than normal-weight individuals to report lifetime or past-year mood disorder; extremely obese persons were twice as likely. Anxiety disorder rates were elevated not only in the obese and extremely obese but also in those who were only moderately overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.19 - 2.60). Lifetime and past-year prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder without agoraphobia, and specific phobia were elevated among individuals classified as overweight and obese.5 A greater likelihood of depression and anxiety disorders with increasing BMI has also been observed in epidemiological studies carried out in other countries, including Germany, New Zealand, France, and the Netherlands.4,6
Relationships between elevated body weight and affective disorders appear stronger in women than in men. Obesity was associated with mood and anxiety disorders in both men and women in 1 study, but overweight predicted increased odds of mood and anxiety disorder in women only.3 Other studies have found obesity to be related to depression in women but not in men.7 There is even some evidence that overweight and obesity may be associated with a lower likelihood of attempting or committing suicide among men, although increased BMI is associated with a greater likelihood of suicidal ideation among women.7,8
Because studies to date are cross-sectional, causal pathways between obesity and mood and anxiety disorders have not been identified. It is likely that pathways are bidirectional. Weight-based discrimination is widespread, and being a target of discrimination can lead to anxiety and depression.9,10 Weight dissatisfaction is more prevalent among women than men, and women are more likely than men to face weight-based discrimination.11,12 Concerns that they will be scrutinized or judged based on weight may contribute to social anxiety in overweight and obese women. In fact, overweight and obese women are at increased risk for social phobia, but BMI is not associated with the likelihood of social phobia among men.3
Mood and anxiety disorders can lead to weight gain by interfering with healthy eating or regular exercise.13 Eating may have an anxiolytic effect, although overeating in response to stress varies between individuals.14,15 Women are more likely than men to eat in response to negative emotions, and women with mood disorders are more likely than men to report increased appetite as a symptom of depression.3,16
Associations between obesity and mood and anxiety disorders may arise from effects of stress on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which responds to stress by releasing cortisol and other hormones that modulate sympathetic nervous system activity. Under conditions of chronic stress, HPA axis activity becomes dysregulated, a state that has been implicated in depression and anxiety disorders as well as in obesity.17 Future prospective studies can further clarify the direction of relationships between obesity and affective disorders.
How Obesity Affects Mental and Emotional Health
Obesity research shows that being overweight is connected to mental health and body image issues, and other unhealthy tendencies. But, is being underweight worse?
Being overweight or underweight affects emotional health in several different ways. In fact, the mental health effects of obesity can be as damaging as the physical effects, according to recent obesity research.
The emotional and mental health issues caused by being overweight include social discrimination, low self-esteem, and even thoughts of ending life. However, research shows that being underweight can have even worse mental health effects. Here's a summary of the emotional, mental, and social effects of being overweight and underweight...
Obese People Are More Prone to Depression and Anxiety
Obese women and men are less physically active because it's not only more difficult to move around, it's embarrassing to change in the locker rooms at the gym. Many obese people don't feel comfortable in fitness classes because of their size and shape. This lack of physical activity can cause depression and anxiety (while physical activity reduces feelings of depression and anxiety).
Overweight People Are Seen as Lacking in Willpower
Social discrimination includes the way society views you based on your appearance. The mental health effects of obesity include social discrimination – people often judge and mistreat individuals who are overweight. Obese people are seen as lazy and lacking in willpower, or incapable of looking after themselves properly. They're socially undesirable, which increases their chances of anxiety and depression.
Overweight Students Have Poor College Attendance
Obesity research from the University of Texas at Austin reveals that obese young women are half as likely to attend college as slim girls. Robert Crosnoe conducted the study, which tracked nearly 11,000 American adolescents, and found that young men didn't differ from their non-obese peers in college attendance. Obese young women are also more likely to use drugs and alcohol than their slimmer peers.
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Crosnoe states: "That girls are far more vulnerable to the non-health risks of obesity reinforces the notion that body image is more important to girls' self-concept and that social norms have greater effects on the education of girls than boys."
The emotional health effects of obesity in girls is stronger than boys because girls are more tuned in to their appearance. Body image affects not only their self-esteem, but their levels of achievement as well. Women who are overweight need to deliberately focus on increasing their body confidence.
Underweight People Are More Likely to be Depressed
Professor Tony Jorm from the Centre for Mental Health Research at the Australian National University studied the mental health effects of being overweight and underweight, and found that obese people struggle with depression and anxiety. Surprisingly, underweight people were more likely to deal with mental health problems.
Professor Jorm states: "Underweight people also have the advantage in that they have less physical disability and physical ill-health than obese people, and that masks the underlying tendency to anxiety and depression, but when we extract out the physical ill-health component, we're left with this picture that it's the underweight that have the worst mental health."
Whether you're overweight or underweight, taking care of your emotional and mental health is one of the best things you can do for your body and life!
Being overweight or underweight affects emotional health in several different ways. In fact, the mental health effects of obesity can be as damaging as the physical effects, according to recent obesity research.
The emotional and mental health issues caused by being overweight include social discrimination, low self-esteem, and even thoughts of ending life. However, research shows that being underweight can have even worse mental health effects. Here's a summary of the emotional, mental, and social effects of being overweight and underweight...
Obese People Are More Prone to Depression and Anxiety
Obese women and men are less physically active because it's not only more difficult to move around, it's embarrassing to change in the locker rooms at the gym. Many obese people don't feel comfortable in fitness classes because of their size and shape. This lack of physical activity can cause depression and anxiety (while physical activity reduces feelings of depression and anxiety).
Overweight People Are Seen as Lacking in Willpower
Social discrimination includes the way society views you based on your appearance. The mental health effects of obesity include social discrimination – people often judge and mistreat individuals who are overweight. Obese people are seen as lazy and lacking in willpower, or incapable of looking after themselves properly. They're socially undesirable, which increases their chances of anxiety and depression.
Overweight Students Have Poor College Attendance
Obesity research from the University of Texas at Austin reveals that obese young women are half as likely to attend college as slim girls. Robert Crosnoe conducted the study, which tracked nearly 11,000 American adolescents, and found that young men didn't differ from their non-obese peers in college attendance. Obese young women are also more likely to use drugs and alcohol than their slimmer peers.
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Crosnoe states: "That girls are far more vulnerable to the non-health risks of obesity reinforces the notion that body image is more important to girls' self-concept and that social norms have greater effects on the education of girls than boys."
The emotional health effects of obesity in girls is stronger than boys because girls are more tuned in to their appearance. Body image affects not only their self-esteem, but their levels of achievement as well. Women who are overweight need to deliberately focus on increasing their body confidence.
Underweight People Are More Likely to be Depressed
Professor Tony Jorm from the Centre for Mental Health Research at the Australian National University studied the mental health effects of being overweight and underweight, and found that obese people struggle with depression and anxiety. Surprisingly, underweight people were more likely to deal with mental health problems.
Professor Jorm states: "Underweight people also have the advantage in that they have less physical disability and physical ill-health than obese people, and that masks the underlying tendency to anxiety and depression, but when we extract out the physical ill-health component, we're left with this picture that it's the underweight that have the worst mental health."
Whether you're overweight or underweight, taking care of your emotional and mental health is one of the best things you can do for your body and life!
Obesity and Depression Are Linked, Say Researchers
Wednesday March 3, 2010
Obesity appears to be linked with an increased risk of depression, say researchers, and the link also works in the other direction.
Floriana S. Luppino and a team of researchers at Leiden University Medical Center and GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, the Netherlands, analyzed the results of 15 previous studies involving 58,745 participants which examined the relationship between depression and obesity over time.
"We found bidirectional associations between depression and obesity: obese persons had a 55% increased risk of developing depression over time, whereas depressed persons had a 58% increased risk of becoming obese. The association between depression and obesity was stronger than the association between depression and overweight, which reflects a dose-response gradient," said the authors.
The researches also found that the link between obesity and later depression was stronger among Americans than among Europeans and stronger for diagnosed depressive disorder compared with depression symptoms.
Although the causes for the obesity-depression link are uncertain, the authors discussed several possible theories, including the following:
Obesity is an inflammatory state and inflammation increases the risk of depression.
Obesity contributes to body dissatisfaction and low-esteem, putting the overweight individual at risk for depression.
Depression may increase weight by either interfering with the endocrine system or through antidepressant side effects.
Obesity appears to be linked with an increased risk of depression, say researchers, and the link also works in the other direction.
Floriana S. Luppino and a team of researchers at Leiden University Medical Center and GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, the Netherlands, analyzed the results of 15 previous studies involving 58,745 participants which examined the relationship between depression and obesity over time.
"We found bidirectional associations between depression and obesity: obese persons had a 55% increased risk of developing depression over time, whereas depressed persons had a 58% increased risk of becoming obese. The association between depression and obesity was stronger than the association between depression and overweight, which reflects a dose-response gradient," said the authors.
The researches also found that the link between obesity and later depression was stronger among Americans than among Europeans and stronger for diagnosed depressive disorder compared with depression symptoms.
Although the causes for the obesity-depression link are uncertain, the authors discussed several possible theories, including the following:
Obesity is an inflammatory state and inflammation increases the risk of depression.
Obesity contributes to body dissatisfaction and low-esteem, putting the overweight individual at risk for depression.
Depression may increase weight by either interfering with the endocrine system or through antidepressant side effects.
Prejudices about and Incidence of Obesity
A person who has obesity problems should not only be concerned with health conditions, but should also tackle a vast range of prejudices that are very widespread in our society.
Prejudices about obese people represent a very widespread kind of cultural racism based on a range of wrong stereotyped beliefs and are deeply rooted in Western cultures.
The most common prejudices are:
obese people are greedy people that gain weight because of their uncontrolled greed
obese people are psychologically disturbed people
obese people are people without will, otherwise they can lose weight
These prejudices are more serious because scientific research has shown their falseness. They are ideas that almost everybody has to such a point that even if obesity represents a problem which is widespread as an epidemic at world level (roughly 20% of women and roughly 30% of men of the world are destined to suffer from it by the year 2005) the world would continue to do its best to make obese people's life difficult.
A lot of obese people are too fat also for medical science: to be effectively contained by an operating bed, to stay on a common hospital wheelchair without being jammed inside, to enter a tunnel of an appliance for tomography CAT and NMR.
And yet, if the last two or three million years of human history are considered, obesity seems be a sad, but inexorable destiny of a lot of us.
Evolution seems to have favoured people that have chosen fat and energetic food. Originally, it was useful for the survival of people capable of storing calories to face famine situations. Up to a hundred years ago, this system worked for those who had unlimited access to food and/or had sedentary employment.
With the coming of technologies that automatized this work world and our everyday lives, exercise has become an option or a luxury for many people who live in Western countries. But it is not for this reason that people give up eating high caloric food.
Nowadays one American out of two is considered overweight (in 1950 it was one out of four). In Italy we have 40% overweight people.
Prejudices are not useful to tackle the problem and miraculous pills produced in recent years by pharmaceutical companies do not seem to be giving benefits comparable to their side effects.
Therefore research devotes itself to research on genes that control lipid metabolism and fat deposits.
In the meantime the only thing that seems to work is getting used to a balanced nourishment related to your needs linked to a regular program of physical activity (according to the American National Institute of Health 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day should be enough).
Prejudices about obese people represent a very widespread kind of cultural racism based on a range of wrong stereotyped beliefs and are deeply rooted in Western cultures.
The most common prejudices are:
obese people are greedy people that gain weight because of their uncontrolled greed
obese people are psychologically disturbed people
obese people are people without will, otherwise they can lose weight
These prejudices are more serious because scientific research has shown their falseness. They are ideas that almost everybody has to such a point that even if obesity represents a problem which is widespread as an epidemic at world level (roughly 20% of women and roughly 30% of men of the world are destined to suffer from it by the year 2005) the world would continue to do its best to make obese people's life difficult.
A lot of obese people are too fat also for medical science: to be effectively contained by an operating bed, to stay on a common hospital wheelchair without being jammed inside, to enter a tunnel of an appliance for tomography CAT and NMR.
And yet, if the last two or three million years of human history are considered, obesity seems be a sad, but inexorable destiny of a lot of us.
Evolution seems to have favoured people that have chosen fat and energetic food. Originally, it was useful for the survival of people capable of storing calories to face famine situations. Up to a hundred years ago, this system worked for those who had unlimited access to food and/or had sedentary employment.
With the coming of technologies that automatized this work world and our everyday lives, exercise has become an option or a luxury for many people who live in Western countries. But it is not for this reason that people give up eating high caloric food.
Nowadays one American out of two is considered overweight (in 1950 it was one out of four). In Italy we have 40% overweight people.
Prejudices are not useful to tackle the problem and miraculous pills produced in recent years by pharmaceutical companies do not seem to be giving benefits comparable to their side effects.
Therefore research devotes itself to research on genes that control lipid metabolism and fat deposits.
In the meantime the only thing that seems to work is getting used to a balanced nourishment related to your needs linked to a regular program of physical activity (according to the American National Institute of Health 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day should be enough).
Prejudices about and Incidence of Obesity
A person who has obesity problems should not only be concerned with health conditions, but should also tackle a vast range of prejudices that are very widespread in our society.
Prejudices about obese people represent a very widespread kind of cultural racism based on a range of wrong stereotyped beliefs and are deeply rooted in Western cultures.
The most common prejudices are:
obese people are greedy people that gain weight because of their uncontrolled greed
obese people are psychologically disturbed people
obese people are people without will, otherwise they can lose weight
These prejudices are more serious because scientific research has shown their falseness. They are ideas that almost everybody has to such a point that even if obesity represents a problem which is widespread as an epidemic at world level (roughly 20% of women and roughly 30% of men of the world are destined to suffer from it by the year 2005) the world would continue to do its best to make obese people's life difficult.
A lot of obese people are too fat also for medical science: to be effectively contained by an operating bed, to stay on a common hospital wheelchair without being jammed inside, to enter a tunnel of an appliance for tomography CAT and NMR.
And yet, if the last two or three million years of human history are considered, obesity seems be a sad, but inexorable destiny of a lot of us.
Evolution seems to have favoured people that have chosen fat and energetic food. Originally, it was useful for the survival of people capable of storing calories to face famine situations. Up to a hundred years ago, this system worked for those who had unlimited access to food and/or had sedentary employment.
With the coming of technologies that automatized this work world and our everyday lives, exercise has become an option or a luxury for many people who live in Western countries. But it is not for this reason that people give up eating high caloric food.
Nowadays one American out of two is considered overweight (in 1950 it was one out of four). In Italy we have 40% overweight people.
Prejudices are not useful to tackle the problem and miraculous pills produced in recent years by pharmaceutical companies do not seem to be giving benefits comparable to their side effects.
Therefore research devotes itself to research on genes that control lipid metabolism and fat deposits.
In the meantime the only thing that seems to work is getting used to a balanced nourishment related to your needs linked to a regular program of physical activity (according to the American National Institute of Health 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day should be enough).
Prejudices about obese people represent a very widespread kind of cultural racism based on a range of wrong stereotyped beliefs and are deeply rooted in Western cultures.
The most common prejudices are:
obese people are greedy people that gain weight because of their uncontrolled greed
obese people are psychologically disturbed people
obese people are people without will, otherwise they can lose weight
These prejudices are more serious because scientific research has shown their falseness. They are ideas that almost everybody has to such a point that even if obesity represents a problem which is widespread as an epidemic at world level (roughly 20% of women and roughly 30% of men of the world are destined to suffer from it by the year 2005) the world would continue to do its best to make obese people's life difficult.
A lot of obese people are too fat also for medical science: to be effectively contained by an operating bed, to stay on a common hospital wheelchair without being jammed inside, to enter a tunnel of an appliance for tomography CAT and NMR.
And yet, if the last two or three million years of human history are considered, obesity seems be a sad, but inexorable destiny of a lot of us.
Evolution seems to have favoured people that have chosen fat and energetic food. Originally, it was useful for the survival of people capable of storing calories to face famine situations. Up to a hundred years ago, this system worked for those who had unlimited access to food and/or had sedentary employment.
With the coming of technologies that automatized this work world and our everyday lives, exercise has become an option or a luxury for many people who live in Western countries. But it is not for this reason that people give up eating high caloric food.
Nowadays one American out of two is considered overweight (in 1950 it was one out of four). In Italy we have 40% overweight people.
Prejudices are not useful to tackle the problem and miraculous pills produced in recent years by pharmaceutical companies do not seem to be giving benefits comparable to their side effects.
Therefore research devotes itself to research on genes that control lipid metabolism and fat deposits.
In the meantime the only thing that seems to work is getting used to a balanced nourishment related to your needs linked to a regular program of physical activity (according to the American National Institute of Health 30 minutes of moderate exercise a day should be enough).
The Health Benefits of Losing Weight
Losing weight can improve your health in many ways. Just losing 10% of your current weight can make a difference in the way you feel on a daily basis. Here are some other ways losing weight will benefit your health:
Increased energy level
Lower your cholesterol levels
Reduce your blood pressure
Reduced aches and pains
Improved mobility
Improve your breathing
Help you sleep better and wake more rested
Prevention of angina, chest pain caused by decreased oxygen to the heart
Decreases your risk of sudden death from heart disease or stroke
Prevention of Type 2 diabetes
Improved blood sugar levels
Increased energy level
Lower your cholesterol levels
Reduce your blood pressure
Reduced aches and pains
Improved mobility
Improve your breathing
Help you sleep better and wake more rested
Prevention of angina, chest pain caused by decreased oxygen to the heart
Decreases your risk of sudden death from heart disease or stroke
Prevention of Type 2 diabetes
Improved blood sugar levels
Monday, February 22, 2010
How to overcome the problem of obesity
One of my reason is control desire of myself
-control the desire is very crucial to controling desire of eating.
-Most of them are cannot determine to eating. There are many kind of delicious food attract and cannot control of eating. For examples, children are like fast food because is delicious so theirs cannot control itself and cause obese.
-control the desire is very crucial to controling desire of eating.
-Most of them are cannot determine to eating. There are many kind of delicious food attract and cannot control of eating. For examples, children are like fast food because is delicious so theirs cannot control itself and cause obese.
Sunday, January 31, 2010
Weight loss Surgey
Advantages of this weight loss surgery:
* Simple and relatively safe
* Short recovery period
* Major complication rate is low
* No removal of any part of the stomach or intestines
* No altering of the natural anatomy
* Very short recovery periods
Disadvantages of this weight loss surgery:
* About 5% failure rate because of
o Balloon leakage
o Band erosion/migration
o Deep infection
* Identifying patients who will not eat through the operation is difficult
FRom: Obesity Help
* Simple and relatively safe
* Short recovery period
* Major complication rate is low
* No removal of any part of the stomach or intestines
* No altering of the natural anatomy
* Very short recovery periods
Disadvantages of this weight loss surgery:
* About 5% failure rate because of
o Balloon leakage
o Band erosion/migration
o Deep infection
* Identifying patients who will not eat through the operation is difficult
FRom: Obesity Help
Thursday, January 28, 2010
A new Apporoach to Treating Obesity - Brown Cells
Researchers led by Bruce M. Spiegelman of Harvard Medical School discovery the brown cells in human body can help who obesity.
The function of brown cells is helps us to burning the fat in our body. According by Dr. Enerback said, inserting 50 until 100 grams of brown fat cells into a person would enable them to burn of more than 10 pounds white fat tissue(white cells is store fat ) a year. However, the therapy would be not used by itself but along with lifestyle changes and other interventions.
Hi, friends what your opinion about the new therapy?
Have any question want to ask me about it?
> Get Science New from The New York Time
By NICHOLAS WADE
Published: July 29, 2009
The function of brown cells is helps us to burning the fat in our body. According by Dr. Enerback said, inserting 50 until 100 grams of brown fat cells into a person would enable them to burn of more than 10 pounds white fat tissue(white cells is store fat ) a year. However, the therapy would be not used by itself but along with lifestyle changes and other interventions.
Hi, friends what your opinion about the new therapy?
Have any question want to ask me about it?
> Get Science New from The New York Time
By NICHOLAS WADE
Published: July 29, 2009
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Find the cause of obesity?
In my view, there are many reasons a person will be infected with obesity. Among them are caused by genetics, diet is not healthy, caloric intake, environmental factors, and other causes of obesity.,
Friday, January 22, 2010
what is the research objectives question about obesity
1.How to giving public awareness about the risk of obesity?
2.Find the cause of obesity?
3.The effect of obesity?
2.Find the cause of obesity?
3.The effect of obesity?
Sunday, January 17, 2010
Obesity Help
Obesity Help – What’s the problem?
So many people are looking for obesity help, only to be bombarded with diet fads, unwanted advice, and judgment from others. It is obvious why so many people are looking for help. According to the American Obesity Association, obesity causes at least 300,000 excess deaths each year in the United States and 100 billion dollars in health costs. Developing countries as well as those countries in the world that are more industrialized have increasing rates of obesity in their populations due to eating patterns and unhealthy lifestyle choices.
In its simplest form, obesity is an excess of body fat. It frequently results in significant health problems. Finding help is so very important because obesity is associated with more than thirty medical conditions.1
Obesity Help – What can I do?
What are some things a person can do to combat obesity and find obesity help and support?
* Learn or develop a nutritional eating plan and be disciplined to implement it.
* Select foods that are full of nutrients and have lower amounts of calories. Avoid sweets, soda, and starches.
* Make exercise a daily part of your life.
* Avoid skipping meals.
Obesity Help – A personal story
As a child, I remember getting warnings from my parents: “Slow down! Chew your food!” “Just one helping! If you continue to eat like that, you’ll look just like so and so.”
At an early age, I figured out that there was a sense of comfort in eating. I’d buy a donut with my milk money or sneak graham crackers during my younger siblings and mom’s nap. On and on it has gone through the years. Perhaps you can identify with me.
I have been known to avoid attending family reunions or get-togethers because of my weight. I have lost weight and I have gained weight. I have dieted and I have binged. However, I don’t binge anymore and I don’t “diet” anymore. What’s my secret?
What works for me is to be balanced in what foods I eat and to make exercise a priority. Food is not like drugs or alcohol, we can’t just quit eating. We have an ongoing 24/7 relationship with it. However, I have learned that God’s principles apply to food just like everything else.
For so long, I didn’t know what satisfied meant, so now when I sit down to eat, I ask God to please show me, to make me aware when I had eaten enough and not go beyond that. Going beyond satisfied is what gets me in trouble. . .and that goes to all areas of my life. God is very faithful and that works when I apply it.
The most important thing that has worked for me is take that part of me to God first. Whether it’s reading the Bible or praying, I feast on Him.
It’s God or food, it’s God or money, it’s God or me.
Obesity Help – Changing our outlook
Can you identify with the story above? Perhaps food has become a way to comfort yourself -- a way to heal your emotions. So often, comfort-eating prevents us from learning ways to resolve issues. Changing our thinking is crucial. Consider these tips:
* Pray before eating. Ask God to tell you when you have eaten enough.
* Eating until satisfied requires eating more often. Don’t be surprised if you are eating every two hours or so when stopping at satisfied.
* Preparing food ahead of time helps ensure balanced eating habits.
* Pray for discipline in your eating and exercise habits.
* Thank God for creating your body (1 Corinthians 3:16-17).
Perhaps you are wondering how God fits into obesity help. Isn’t losing or maintaining weight accomplished through our own will and determination? I have found that it isn’t. When we rely on God’s help, we are much more apt to succeed.
So many people are looking for obesity help, only to be bombarded with diet fads, unwanted advice, and judgment from others. It is obvious why so many people are looking for help. According to the American Obesity Association, obesity causes at least 300,000 excess deaths each year in the United States and 100 billion dollars in health costs. Developing countries as well as those countries in the world that are more industrialized have increasing rates of obesity in their populations due to eating patterns and unhealthy lifestyle choices.
In its simplest form, obesity is an excess of body fat. It frequently results in significant health problems. Finding help is so very important because obesity is associated with more than thirty medical conditions.1
Obesity Help – What can I do?
What are some things a person can do to combat obesity and find obesity help and support?
* Learn or develop a nutritional eating plan and be disciplined to implement it.
* Select foods that are full of nutrients and have lower amounts of calories. Avoid sweets, soda, and starches.
* Make exercise a daily part of your life.
* Avoid skipping meals.
Obesity Help – A personal story
As a child, I remember getting warnings from my parents: “Slow down! Chew your food!” “Just one helping! If you continue to eat like that, you’ll look just like so and so.”
At an early age, I figured out that there was a sense of comfort in eating. I’d buy a donut with my milk money or sneak graham crackers during my younger siblings and mom’s nap. On and on it has gone through the years. Perhaps you can identify with me.
I have been known to avoid attending family reunions or get-togethers because of my weight. I have lost weight and I have gained weight. I have dieted and I have binged. However, I don’t binge anymore and I don’t “diet” anymore. What’s my secret?
What works for me is to be balanced in what foods I eat and to make exercise a priority. Food is not like drugs or alcohol, we can’t just quit eating. We have an ongoing 24/7 relationship with it. However, I have learned that God’s principles apply to food just like everything else.
For so long, I didn’t know what satisfied meant, so now when I sit down to eat, I ask God to please show me, to make me aware when I had eaten enough and not go beyond that. Going beyond satisfied is what gets me in trouble. . .and that goes to all areas of my life. God is very faithful and that works when I apply it.
The most important thing that has worked for me is take that part of me to God first. Whether it’s reading the Bible or praying, I feast on Him.
It’s God or food, it’s God or money, it’s God or me.
Obesity Help – Changing our outlook
Can you identify with the story above? Perhaps food has become a way to comfort yourself -- a way to heal your emotions. So often, comfort-eating prevents us from learning ways to resolve issues. Changing our thinking is crucial. Consider these tips:
* Pray before eating. Ask God to tell you when you have eaten enough.
* Eating until satisfied requires eating more often. Don’t be surprised if you are eating every two hours or so when stopping at satisfied.
* Preparing food ahead of time helps ensure balanced eating habits.
* Pray for discipline in your eating and exercise habits.
* Thank God for creating your body (1 Corinthians 3:16-17).
Perhaps you are wondering how God fits into obesity help. Isn’t losing or maintaining weight accomplished through our own will and determination? I have found that it isn’t. When we rely on God’s help, we are much more apt to succeed.
Friday, January 15, 2010
Obesity Seems to Alter Heart Structure
Obesity is a major risk factor for left atrial enlargement, which increases the risk of atrial fibrillation, stroke and death, a new study shows.
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia (an irregular heart rhythm or heartbeat).
Researchers analyzed data on 1,212 men and women, aged 25 to 74, in Germany who were followed for 10 years. The study authors concluded that obesity and hypertension cause structural and functional changes in the heart and are independent predictors of left atrial enlargement (LAE).
The highest incidence of LAE after 10 years was seen in obese people -- 31.6 percent compared to baseline prevalence of 10 percent among all study participants.
The findings, published in the Nov. 17 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, confirm the strong association between obesity and LAE reported in previous research. Some of those studies found that excess weight may affect left atrial size at an early age, potentially predisposing young obese people to future heart problems.
The authors of the new study said early assessment and intervention, especially among younger obese patients, is crucial to prevent the premature onset of cardiac remodeling -- changes in heart size, shape and function -- caused by LAE.
But they noted that it isn't clear how much weight management or moderate weight loss can improve LAE. Further research is needed.
what is our research question about obesity
I think i prefer obesity are more causes by unheathly eating habits,lifestyle comparing with the genetic obesity.The population about obese are more increasingly,we must take the action to give public awarness about the dangerous obesity.
Tuesday, January 12, 2010
What is obesity?
Being obese means having so much body fat that your health is in danger. Having too much body fat can lead to type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, sleep apnea, and stroke.
Because of these risks, it is important to lose weight even if you do not feel bad now. It is hard to change eating habits and exercise habits. But you can do it if you make a plan.
How do you know if you are obese?
You can use a measurement called a body mass index, or BMI, to decide whether your weight is dangerous to your health. The BMI is a combination of your height and weight. If you have a BMI of 30 or higher, your extra weight is putting your health in danger. If you are Asian, your health may be at risk with a BMI of 27.5 or higher.
Use the Interactive Tool: Weight and Health Risks to check your body mass index.
Where you carry your body fat may be as important as how many extra pounds you have. People who carry too much fat around the middle, rather than around the hips, are more likely to have health problems. In women, a waist size of 35in or more raises the chance for disease. In men, a waist size of 40in or more raises the chance for disease.1 In Asian people, health problems are seen with a smaller waist size. In Asian women, a waist size of 32in or more raises the chance for disease. In Asian men, a waist size of 36in or more raises the chance for disease.2
What causes obesity?
When you take in more calories than you burn off, you gain weight. How you eat, how active you are, and other things affect how your body uses calories and whether you gain weight.
If your family members are obese, you may have inherited a tendency to gain weight. And your family also helps form your eating and lifestyle habits, which can lead to obesity.
Also, our busy lives make it harder to plan and cook healthy meals. For many of us, it's easier to reach for prepared foods, go out to eat, or go to the drive-through. But these foods are often high in fat and calories. Portions are often too large. Work schedules, long commutes, and other commitments also cut into the time we have for physical activity.
There is no quick fix to being overweight. To lose weight, you must burn more calories than you take in.
You've tried diets, but you always gain the weight back. What can you do?
Focus on health, not diets. Diets are hard to stay on and usually do not work in the long run. It is very hard to stay with a diet that includes lots of big changes in your eating habits.
Instead of a diet, focus on lifestyle changes that will improve your health and achieve the right balance of energy and calories. To lose weight, you need to burn more calories than you take in. You can do it by eating healthy foods in reasonable amounts and becoming more active. And you need to do it every day.
Little steps mean a lot. Losing just 10lb can make a difference in your health.
Make a plan for change. Work with your doctor to create a plan that will work for you. Ask family members and friends for help in keeping with your plan. Ask your doctor to recommend a dietitian to help you with meal planning.
When you stray from your plan, do not get upset. Figure out what got you off track and how you can fix it.
How can you stay on your plan for change?
It is hard to change habits. You have to be ready. Make sure this is the right time for you. Are you ready to make a plan and stay on it? Do you have the support of your family and friends? Do you know what your first steps will be? Becoming healthier and staying that way is a lifelong effort.
Most people have more success when they make small changes, one step at a time. For example, you might eat an extra piece of fruit, walk 10 minutes more, or add more vegetables to your meals.
Studies show that people who keep track of what they eat are better at losing weight. Keep a notebook where you can write down everything you eat and drink each day. You may be surprised to see how much you are eating. Use a calorie counter to add up your calories. (You can find calorie counters online and at bookstores.)
As you keep track of calories, look at whether you skip meals, when you eat, how often you eat out, and how many fruits and vegetables you eat. This will help you see patterns that you may want to change.
You may want to write down the amount of physical activity you've had each day and compare the calories you burned to those you took in. Use the Interactive Tool: Calories Burned to see how many calories you burn through daily activities.
Can you take medicines or have surgery?
Surgery and medicines do not work by themselves. Most people also need to make changes in what they eat and how active they are.
Before your doctor will prescribe medicines or surgery, he or she will probably want you to work on diet and activity for at least 6 months. Even if your doctor gives you medicines or recommends surgery, you will need to keep your new healthy habits for the rest of your life.
Being obese means having so much body fat that your health is in danger. Having too much body fat can lead to type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, sleep apnea, and stroke.
Because of these risks, it is important to lose weight even if you do not feel bad now. It is hard to change eating habits and exercise habits. But you can do it if you make a plan.
How do you know if you are obese?
You can use a measurement called a body mass index, or BMI, to decide whether your weight is dangerous to your health. The BMI is a combination of your height and weight. If you have a BMI of 30 or higher, your extra weight is putting your health in danger. If you are Asian, your health may be at risk with a BMI of 27.5 or higher.
Use the Interactive Tool: Weight and Health Risks to check your body mass index.
Where you carry your body fat may be as important as how many extra pounds you have. People who carry too much fat around the middle, rather than around the hips, are more likely to have health problems. In women, a waist size of 35in or more raises the chance for disease. In men, a waist size of 40in or more raises the chance for disease.1 In Asian people, health problems are seen with a smaller waist size. In Asian women, a waist size of 32in or more raises the chance for disease. In Asian men, a waist size of 36in or more raises the chance for disease.2
What causes obesity?
When you take in more calories than you burn off, you gain weight. How you eat, how active you are, and other things affect how your body uses calories and whether you gain weight.
If your family members are obese, you may have inherited a tendency to gain weight. And your family also helps form your eating and lifestyle habits, which can lead to obesity.
Also, our busy lives make it harder to plan and cook healthy meals. For many of us, it's easier to reach for prepared foods, go out to eat, or go to the drive-through. But these foods are often high in fat and calories. Portions are often too large. Work schedules, long commutes, and other commitments also cut into the time we have for physical activity.
There is no quick fix to being overweight. To lose weight, you must burn more calories than you take in.
You've tried diets, but you always gain the weight back. What can you do?
Focus on health, not diets. Diets are hard to stay on and usually do not work in the long run. It is very hard to stay with a diet that includes lots of big changes in your eating habits.
Instead of a diet, focus on lifestyle changes that will improve your health and achieve the right balance of energy and calories. To lose weight, you need to burn more calories than you take in. You can do it by eating healthy foods in reasonable amounts and becoming more active. And you need to do it every day.
Little steps mean a lot. Losing just 10lb can make a difference in your health.
Make a plan for change. Work with your doctor to create a plan that will work for you. Ask family members and friends for help in keeping with your plan. Ask your doctor to recommend a dietitian to help you with meal planning.
When you stray from your plan, do not get upset. Figure out what got you off track and how you can fix it.
How can you stay on your plan for change?
It is hard to change habits. You have to be ready. Make sure this is the right time for you. Are you ready to make a plan and stay on it? Do you have the support of your family and friends? Do you know what your first steps will be? Becoming healthier and staying that way is a lifelong effort.
Most people have more success when they make small changes, one step at a time. For example, you might eat an extra piece of fruit, walk 10 minutes more, or add more vegetables to your meals.
Studies show that people who keep track of what they eat are better at losing weight. Keep a notebook where you can write down everything you eat and drink each day. You may be surprised to see how much you are eating. Use a calorie counter to add up your calories. (You can find calorie counters online and at bookstores.)
As you keep track of calories, look at whether you skip meals, when you eat, how often you eat out, and how many fruits and vegetables you eat. This will help you see patterns that you may want to change.
You may want to write down the amount of physical activity you've had each day and compare the calories you burned to those you took in. Use the Interactive Tool: Calories Burned to see how many calories you burn through daily activities.
Can you take medicines or have surgery?
Surgery and medicines do not work by themselves. Most people also need to make changes in what they eat and how active they are.
Before your doctor will prescribe medicines or surgery, he or she will probably want you to work on diet and activity for at least 6 months. Even if your doctor gives you medicines or recommends surgery, you will need to keep your new healthy habits for the rest of your life.
Saturday, January 9, 2010
The Behavioral Model of Weight Control
The Behavioral Model of Weight Control
The behavioral treatment of obesity depart drastically from alternative form of treatment such as special diets, drugs, or surgery in that the goal is to alter to obese person’s eating and activity habits. The emphasis is on changing behavior, or more broadly conceived, the obese person life-style. No particular diet is prescribed beyond recommending a balanced and nutritionally sound diet. Put bluntly, it is emphasized that a calories is a calories- and they all count! There is no convincing evidence that the composition of the food one eat will differentially affect weight control, provided the total number of calories is keep consistent. When the weight such as Atkins (1977) low-carbohydrate diet, in which unlimited amount of protein and fats are allowed, do produce weight loss, it is because the dutiful dieter’s total calories intake is reduce and not because of any metabolic magic. Excluding other categories of food, like protein or fat, as some or other diets do is likely to similar effect. In short, diets often appear to work because they directly bring about a temporary change in eating habits and overall food intake. The problem with these diets, of course, is that inevitably, dieters go off their diets and rapidly regain the weight they lost. This cyclical pattern of rapid weight loss followed by weight gain is the typical experience of the obese person who has fought the battle of the bulge. It has been referred to somewhat sardonically as the “rhythm method of girth control.”
In contrast to the illusory promise of a “quick fix” that is offered by most miracle diets, the behavioral approach is geared to slow but weight loss of roughly one to two pounds per week as a direct result of fundamental changes in eating and activity patterns. It is emphasized that there are no quick and simple solutions to permanent weight loss and that success in controlling weight involves a major, long-term commitment on the part of the person in which his or her active cooperation is a must. Without this motivation and commitment, there can be little realistic hope of lasting weight loss.
In term of behavioral approach to weight control, whatever is root cause, obesity is viewed as ultimately a function of number of calories consumed and expanded. The overall goal is to restrict calories consumption and to increase the expenditure of calories through physical activity, thereby producing a negative energy balance and weight loss. Here are marked individual differences in how much and how fast different obese people will loss weight under those conditions, because of the important influence of genetic and biological factors in the regulation of body weight (Wooley, Wooley, & Dyrenforth, 1979). It maybe in certain cases of obesity, particularly extreme obesity, biological determinants are such that they cannot (or should not) be modified along typical behavioral lines. In general, however, the emphasis on behavioral change need not be incompatible with biological considerations, although as I indicate below, the therapist should be alert at all times to the potential limiting influence of biological factors on behavioral weight control programs.
By:G.Terence Wilson
The Addictive Behavior, 209p-210p
The behavioral treatment of obesity depart drastically from alternative form of treatment such as special diets, drugs, or surgery in that the goal is to alter to obese person’s eating and activity habits. The emphasis is on changing behavior, or more broadly conceived, the obese person life-style. No particular diet is prescribed beyond recommending a balanced and nutritionally sound diet. Put bluntly, it is emphasized that a calories is a calories- and they all count! There is no convincing evidence that the composition of the food one eat will differentially affect weight control, provided the total number of calories is keep consistent. When the weight such as Atkins (1977) low-carbohydrate diet, in which unlimited amount of protein and fats are allowed, do produce weight loss, it is because the dutiful dieter’s total calories intake is reduce and not because of any metabolic magic. Excluding other categories of food, like protein or fat, as some or other diets do is likely to similar effect. In short, diets often appear to work because they directly bring about a temporary change in eating habits and overall food intake. The problem with these diets, of course, is that inevitably, dieters go off their diets and rapidly regain the weight they lost. This cyclical pattern of rapid weight loss followed by weight gain is the typical experience of the obese person who has fought the battle of the bulge. It has been referred to somewhat sardonically as the “rhythm method of girth control.”
In contrast to the illusory promise of a “quick fix” that is offered by most miracle diets, the behavioral approach is geared to slow but weight loss of roughly one to two pounds per week as a direct result of fundamental changes in eating and activity patterns. It is emphasized that there are no quick and simple solutions to permanent weight loss and that success in controlling weight involves a major, long-term commitment on the part of the person in which his or her active cooperation is a must. Without this motivation and commitment, there can be little realistic hope of lasting weight loss.
In term of behavioral approach to weight control, whatever is root cause, obesity is viewed as ultimately a function of number of calories consumed and expanded. The overall goal is to restrict calories consumption and to increase the expenditure of calories through physical activity, thereby producing a negative energy balance and weight loss. Here are marked individual differences in how much and how fast different obese people will loss weight under those conditions, because of the important influence of genetic and biological factors in the regulation of body weight (Wooley, Wooley, & Dyrenforth, 1979). It maybe in certain cases of obesity, particularly extreme obesity, biological determinants are such that they cannot (or should not) be modified along typical behavioral lines. In general, however, the emphasis on behavioral change need not be incompatible with biological considerations, although as I indicate below, the therapist should be alert at all times to the potential limiting influence of biological factors on behavioral weight control programs.
By:G.Terence Wilson
The Addictive Behavior, 209p-210p
Thursday, January 7, 2010
cause of obesity
1.Environmental Causes of Obesity
-which is a worldwide trend as reflected in the new word "globesity" - environmental factors must be the prime cause of modern obesity.
2.Overconsumption - A Possible Root Cause
-Eating too many calories for our enery needs must be a major candidate for the main cause of the modern obesity epidemic.
3.Reduced Energy Expenditure - A Possible Root Cause
-People who eat more calories need to burn more calories, otherwise their calorie surplus is stored as fat.
4.Genetic Causes of Modern Obesity
-Genes affect a number of weight-related processes in the body, such as metabolic rate, blood glucose metabolism, fat-storage, hormones, to name but a few.
5.Family Influence - A Major Contributory Cause to Obesity
-Parental behavioral patterns concerning shopping, cooking, eating and exercise, have an important influence on a child's energy balance and ultimately their weight. Thus family diet and lifestyle are important contributory causes to modern child obesity, especially at a time of rising affluence. Since obese children and adolescents frequently grow up to become obese adults, it's clear that family influence also extends to adult obesity.
-which is a worldwide trend as reflected in the new word "globesity" - environmental factors must be the prime cause of modern obesity.
2.Overconsumption - A Possible Root Cause
-Eating too many calories for our enery needs must be a major candidate for the main cause of the modern obesity epidemic.
3.Reduced Energy Expenditure - A Possible Root Cause
-People who eat more calories need to burn more calories, otherwise their calorie surplus is stored as fat.
4.Genetic Causes of Modern Obesity
-Genes affect a number of weight-related processes in the body, such as metabolic rate, blood glucose metabolism, fat-storage, hormones, to name but a few.
5.Family Influence - A Major Contributory Cause to Obesity
-Parental behavioral patterns concerning shopping, cooking, eating and exercise, have an important influence on a child's energy balance and ultimately their weight. Thus family diet and lifestyle are important contributory causes to modern child obesity, especially at a time of rising affluence. Since obese children and adolescents frequently grow up to become obese adults, it's clear that family influence also extends to adult obesity.
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
Effects of obesity – What are the dangers in being obese?
If you are overweight, it is important to understand the health effects of obesity. Obesity is associated with more than thirty medical conditions and scientific evidence has established a strong relationship with at least fifteen of those conditions.1
* Obesity is associated with the development of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, back, and knees.
* Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in men and women.
* It is strongly associated with cancer of the esophagus.
* Obese women have three to four times the risk of endometrial cancer than women with lower BMI. Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk because of its effect on blood lipid levels. Obesity is a major risk factor for heart attack.
* Gallstones are common in overweight and obese persons.
* Obesity decreases the body’s resistance to harmful organisms.
* Obesity is the most common factor of nonalcoholic steatophepatitis, a major cause of liver disease.
These are just some examples of how obesity negatively affects the health of a person.
1 American Obesity Association (www.obesity.org) shares possible treatments for obesity that they emphasize should not take the place of medical advice from a health professional.
If you are overweight, it is important to understand the health effects of obesity. Obesity is associated with more than thirty medical conditions and scientific evidence has established a strong relationship with at least fifteen of those conditions.1
* Obesity is associated with the development of osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, back, and knees.
* Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in men and women.
* It is strongly associated with cancer of the esophagus.
* Obese women have three to four times the risk of endometrial cancer than women with lower BMI. Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk because of its effect on blood lipid levels. Obesity is a major risk factor for heart attack.
* Gallstones are common in overweight and obese persons.
* Obesity decreases the body’s resistance to harmful organisms.
* Obesity is the most common factor of nonalcoholic steatophepatitis, a major cause of liver disease.
These are just some examples of how obesity negatively affects the health of a person.
1 American Obesity Association (www.obesity.org) shares possible treatments for obesity that they emphasize should not take the place of medical advice from a health professional.
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
Monday, January 4, 2010
What are common health consequences of overweight and obesity?
Overweight and obesity lead to serious health consequences. Risk increases progressively as BMI increases. Raised body mass index is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as:
- Cardiovascular disease (mainly heart disease and stroke) - already the world's number one cause of death, killing 17 million people each year.
- Diabetes – which has rapidly become a global epidemic. WHO projects that diabetes deaths will increase by more than 50% worldwide in the next 10 years.
- Musculoskeletal disorders – especially osteoarthritis.
- Some cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon).
Childhood obesity is associated with a higher chance of premature death and disability in adulthood.
Many low- and middle-income countries are now facing a "double burden" of disease:
- While they continue to deal with the problems of infectious disease and under-nutrition, at the same time they are experiencing a rapid upsurge in chronic disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight, particularly in urban settings.
- It is not uncommon to find under-nutrition and obesity existing side-by-side within the same country, the same community and even within the same household.
- This double burden is caused by inadequate pre-natal, infant and young child nutrition followed by exposure to high-fat, energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods and lack of physical activity.
Sunday, January 3, 2010
Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, certain types of cancer and osteorthritis. Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive dietry calories, lack of physical activity, and genetis susceptibility, although a few cases are caused solely by genes, endocrine disorders,medications or psychiatric illness. Evidence to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is limited; on average obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
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